DAN HNUAIA RAM LEH HNAM HUMHALH

DAN HNUAIA RAM LEH HNAM HUMHALHᅠ

Dr. H.T.C. Lalrinchhanaᅠ

Zamzik Siangᅠ

Bethel Veng, Zemabawkᅠ

(a) Saphun chungchang thu:

‘Tribal’ nihna hi the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, chu chu ram danpui clause (1) of Article 342 anga President of India in a puan atanga neih a ni a; Tin, ‘Scheduled Tribe’ tih hi clause (25) of Article 366 of the Constitution of India anga hrilhfiah leh a ni bawk.

The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 hnuaiah Act No. 34 of 1986 (w.e.f. 20.2.1987) angin Mizoram chhunga mi tur ‘Tribal’ te pawh chiang taka tarlan nawn leh a ni in, chutah chuan Mizo chi peng tawh phawt chu ‘Tribal’ kan lo ni ta. Tribal nihna avanga, sorkar hnathawh kum, a bika chhawmdawlna, Scholarship adt. hamthatna tam tak a awm bawk tih kan hria.

Tichuan, Vai ho (General people) te hian Mizo hnamah ‘sa’ lo phun thei ta se ‘Tribal’ an ni ve dawn tihna a ni a, kan tarlan tawh angin ‘Tribal’ nihna pe thei tu chu ram danpui angin President of India chauh a ni si a, Mizo chi peng chhungah Fanai chi in Sailo-ah, Pachuau in Tochhawng ah tih ang vel lo chuan ‘Saphun’ hi hnam (Community) in karah a theih loh tihna a nih chu. Supreme Court of India pawhin mipa tan chuan Scheduled Tribe nihna hi pian leh murna chi (Scheduled tribe by birth only) vang chauh a neih/nih theih a ti a ni (N. E. Horo Vs. Jahan Ara Jaipal Singh, AIR, 1972 SC 1840, 1972 (3) SCR 361, 1972 (1) SCC 771). Hei mai bakah ‘Tribal Certificate’ pekchhuah chungchangah Supreme Court chuan an thlahtute leh chi put te, Serh leh sang te, sakhaw biakdan te, hnam dan te, inneih dan te, mitthi vui dante, mitthi sawngbawl dan zawng zawngte pawh chhut tel tur a ti a ni [Kumari Madhuri Patil Vs. Additional Commissioner, 1994 AIR (SCW) 4116, 1995 AIR 94, 1994 SCC (6) 241]. 

(b) Ram leilung humhalh:

Mizoram-a hmunlo ram tihral/hralh/inpekna dan kan neih the Mizo District (Transfer of Land) Act, 1963 (No. 1 of 1964) hnuaia section 8 na ang hian ‘Tribal’ ni lo ten Mizoram leilungah neitu nihna sorkar phalna lo chuan an nei thei lova (Mizoram Land Revenue Act, 2013 ah pawh ala chuang zel), Tribal-a ‘Saphun’ hmanga sengluh kan lo remti a nih vaih chuan kan ram leilung kan hralh tel tihna a lo ni. Supreme Court pawh hian tribal ram leilung tribal ni ve lo te hnena hlanchhawn khapna dan hi dan tling tawk alo ti tawh a ni [Lingappa Vs. State of Maharastra AIR 1985 SC 389].

Tin, The Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 (Regulation 5 of 1873), Dt. 27th August, 1873 hnuaiah Notification No. 9101A.P dated the 28th August, 1930 (Vide, the Assam Gazette, Dt. 3rd September, 1930. Part II, page, 1393) anga khatih laia Lushai Hills, tuna Mizoram nita a chengte rukbo leh chimral laka an fihlim nana hnamdang tan ILP angai tih thin hi Supreme Court of India pawh hian Dt. 27/04/1993 a a thutlukna angin ram leilung humhalhna atana dan tlingtawk ala ti zui zel a ni. [State of Arunachal Pradesh Vs. Khudiram Chakma, 1994 AIR 1461, 1993 SCR (3) 401]

(c) Hnamdang te nen nupui pasal inneih pawlh thu:

Mipa-in hnamdang mi nupui atana a neih chuan a nupui leh afate chuan a sa leh khua chu an tawmpuiin, a fate phei chuan a ‘chi’ an pu hlen tawh dawn a, sawi ngai lovah ruat phawt ila. N. E. Horo Vs. Jahan Ara Jaipal Singh, (AIR 1972 SC 1840) ah bawk hian Supreme Court chuan inneih na avangin hmeichhia chuan Tribal nihna a nei thei a, mipa erawh chuan a pian leh murna chi avang chauh lo chuan a nei thei lo tih a ni.

Hmeichhia in ‘tribal’ mi nilo pasal lo nei ta se, Mizo hnam nunah ‘Hmeichhia leh chakaiin sakhua an nei lo’ tih a ni a, Mipa sa leh khua a zawm a ngai dawn ta a lo ni a, chumi kara piang fate pawh chuan an pa ‘chi’ an zul leh an put chu a ngai zui dawn tihna ni awm tak a ni. Mizorama sorkar hnathawk pension tawh emaw an nih chauh loh chuan Mizo nupui an neih ngawt avangin hnamdangte hian ILP an ngaih lohna chhan tur hi “Guidelines for the enforcement of the Inner Line Regulation in Mizoram, 2014” ang hian a awm hmel loh bawk. Hetiang Guidelines hi Gauhati High Court pawhin tahrik ni 28/08/08-a a thuremna angin dan angthlapa tlingtawk, kenkawh theih alo ti tawh a ni [N.E.P.P Traders and Youth Federation Vs. Union of India & Ors. PIL 19/2008, Category: 10194 (PIL)].

Engpawhnise, kan ram hi a zim em em a, chhuh sak then tham pawh a nilo tih kan hria a, chutiang bawkin Mizo te hi kan tlem em em a, pawlh dal-a, tih dazat-a, hnam fing zawkten fin kherek nen kan ram min chhuh a, kan hnam min tih riral hi a hlauhawm em em a, chuvang chauh chuan he thu rum leh khel hahthlak zet hi kan han buaipui a ni. Mipa kan nih a, ram leh hnam kan humhalh dan tur leh hmeichhia kan nih a kan humhalh dan tur pawh chiang zel ila, mimal hamthat na um-a ram leh hnam hralh duhtu an awm ni a sawite hian thinlung a ti na em em a, thang lo la thar leh zel turte hnen ah pawh ram leh hnam humhalh thuchah hi i inhlan chhawng zel ang u.

(d) Tribal leh Caste Certificate pekchhuah thu: 

Tribal Certificate chungchang a mi an finfiah dawn chuan kan sawi tak The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 hnuaia Part- XVII na emaw Third Schedule to the State of Mizoram Act, 1986 (Central Act No. 34 of 1986) ah an chuang ngei em tih finfiah a tul. Tin, Scheduled Caste Certificate chungthu ah pawh the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 hnuaia Part- XX na ah achuang ngei em tih kan finfiah ngei atul. Tahrik ni 1st August, 2014 atang khan the Mizoram Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes (Regulation of Issuance and Verification of) Community Certificates Act, 2014 (Act No. 5 of 2014) chu hman tan alo ni ta bawk. He dan hman anih hnu ah chuan Scheduled Tribe leh Scheduled Caste nihna Certificate (Community Certificate) thuneituten an pek chhuah chu Scrutiny Committee ten an lo enfiah a, 'Validity Certificate' an pekchhuah leh hnu ah chauh thutling/hman theih ani tawh dawn ani. Scrutiny Committee hi Home Department a Joint Secretary kaihhruai a din ani. Tin, thudik tawklo hmanga 'Community Certificate' dil chhuak tute, a felhlel ani tih hrehreng chunga chutiang 'Community Certificate' lo pechhuak tute pawh he dan ang hian jail bang zuta hremtheih ani dawn ta bawk ani.

Chutihlaiin, Other Backward Classes (OBCs) kan tih ah hi chuan Sorkar laipuia Ministry of Social Welfare dan dinglai No. 12011/68/93-BCC(C), Dt. 10th Sept., 1993 angin Mizoram chhungah OBCs hi a awm ve theih loh a ni. A awmzia chu Mizoram ah OBCs Certificate a pekchhuah theih ve loh tihna a ni.

(e) India ramchhung State dang amite laka in humhalhna:

The Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 (Regulation 5 of 1873) angin Inner Line Permit (ILP) kan tih mai hi Mizoram-a chengnghet ram leilung fate (Indigenous inhabitants/persons) tan lo chuan Mizoram chhunga luh leh khawsakna atan angai vek tih kan hria a, he Regulation kalpuina tur hian Mizoram sawrkar pawhin “Guidelines for the Enforcement of the Inner Line Regulation in Mizoram” chu Dt. 13Th August, 2014 khan asiam a1. Tin, hei hi Dt. 27Th April, 2015 khan tlemin a siamtha leh bawk.

'Indigenous Person' (Ram leilung fa) tih chu Mizo hnam bil kherloh pawh India danpui (Constitution) hman tan atanga chhiara kum nga hmalamah amah emaw thlahtu nu leh pate emaw India ramchhunga piang ngei, tichuan 26th Jan., 1950 hmalama Mizoram huam chhung (Khatihlaia Lushai/Mizo District Council bialchhung) lo ni ta ah an mahni leh thlahte cheng leh khawsa zui ta te tihna a ni. [Para. 2 (a) of Guidelines].

ILP kan tih hi Deputy Commissioner tin emaw anni in an hnuaia pechhuak tura an ruat te hian thlaruk aia reilo atan an pechhhuak thei a, thlaruk aia rei atul anih chuan Mizoram sawrkara Home Department ah DC pisa atang hian thawn tur a ni. ILP hi vawi hnih aia tam lo tih nun (Renew) theih ani bawk.

ILP neilo a lo lut leh khawsa te chu he dan section 3 na angin kum khat thleng lungin tan tir leh ₹ 1000/- chawitir bawka hremtheih ani tih kan hria a, mi an ILP in luh emaw khawsak phalna apek ang nilo hnadang daih (Cement thawk turin thirchhia alo zawn daih ang te adt.) lo thawk emaw te pawh he dan section 4 na angin kum khat thleng lungin tan tir leh ₹ 1000/- chawitir bawka hremtheih ani bawk tih kan hria. Amaherawhchu, heng a hnuaia mite erawh hi chuan ILP an neih kher a ngai lo:- 

(1) Hnam dang hmeichhia Indigenous person te pasal atana neite (an inneih chhung chu), chutihlaiin, non-indigenous mipa ten kan hmeichhiate nupuia an neih erawh chu a huamlo thung.

(2) Venhim hna thawktu (Security Force) mi leh sate leh an chhung te

(3) Sawrkar Officer, sawrkar hna tul leh pawimawh avanga lo kal te, 

(4) Mizoram chhunga sawrkar laipui hnuai emaw state sawrkar hnuaiah pawh hnathawk te leh an chhungkuate hnathawh hunchhungin.

(5) Sawrkar hnathawk retired tawh Indigenous person te nupui pasala neih avanga Mizorama cheng ta te, 

(6) Sawrkar ukilte leh sawrkar rawih ukil te, 

(7) Government Undertakings leh Corporations hnathawkte, 

(8) Sawrkarin emaw Government Undertakings-in emaw Programme pawimawh a buatsaihnaa an mi sawmte. Hetiang thilah chuan Programme buatsaihtu (Sponsoring Department) chuan Home Department atangin Exemption Certificate an la chhuak tur a ni. 

(9) Zirlai, Mizoram chhunga zirna rawn beitu, Institution ID Card neite chuan an zir hun chhung atan ILP an neih kher a ngai lo bawk. 

Permanent Trade License leh Temporary Trade License neite (Hmanlai Mizo District Council hunlaia lo nei emaw Chakma, Mara leh Lai Autonomous District Council in sumdawn phalna apek te emaw) leh an chhungte chu ILP pek theih an ni a. Chutiang Permanent leh Temporary Trade License neite chu kum hnih atanga kum thum thleng ILP pek theih ani a, kum khat dang leh atan tihnun (Renew) sak leh theih an ni. Home Department phalna la hmasa in an chhungte pawh ILP hi pek theih anni bawk, amaherawhchu, midang ang bawkin 'Sponsor' tu 'Indigenous Person' an neih angai a, tin, anni hian midang tumah an 'Sponsor' thei tawhlo thung.

(f) India ram pawn atanga lo lut te laka humhalhna:

Ram pawn lam mi te khuahkhirhna dan hi Foreigners Act, 1946 leh ahnuaia dan te sep entirna'n: Foreigners (Restricted Areas) Order, 1963 angin Mizoram te hi Restricted Area kan ni a, India ramchhung luh phalna Passport/Visa te nei bawk mah se Restricted Area Permit (RAP) an neih loh chuan Mizoram an lut thei chuang lo.

Indian Passport Act, 1920 (XXXIV of 1920) leh ahnuaia duan Passport (Entry into India) Rules, 1950 te bawhchhiatna hi Rule 6 na angin thla thum thleng lungin tan tir leh pawisa chawibawka hremtheih ani a, Foreigners Act, 1946 leh ahnuaia thupek entirnan'n: Foreigners Order, 1948 te, Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order, 1958 te, Foreigners (Restricted Areas) Order, 1963 te, Foreigners (Report of Police) Order, 1971 adt. bawhchhiatna hi section 14 na angin kum nga thleng lungin tan tir leh pawisa chawitir bawka hremtheih an ni. Entirna'n: Myanmar lam mi phalna neilo a lo lut, kan in a rawn thleng emaw kan hriat reng te Police te hnena kan thlen (report) nghallo anih pawhin hremna tarlan ang tho hi kan tuar thei dawn a ni. Hriattur thenkhat te:-

Criminal thubuai dang anglo takin Indian Evidence Act, 1872 ah eng thu pawh chuang ni se, Foreigners Act, 1946 hnuaia section 9 angin ram dang mi nia inpuhna thu buaiah chuan an mi puh chuan ram dang mi a ni lo tihchianna a ngaihtuah zawk tur a ni.

Ram dang mi dan lova lo lutte hremna tur hian dan pahnih Foreigners Act, 1946 leh Passport (Entry into India) Rules, 1950 angin hremna hi a pek kawp theih a ni.

Electoral roll-a thun luh a ni tih ringawt hi India khua leh tui nihna finfiahna atan a tling tawk lo.

Gauhati High Court chuan ‘Court’ hniamin a Passport a lo hrensak a pek chhuah atanga chhiara darkar 24 chhunga ‘Restricted area’ chhuahsan tur leh hemi hun chhunga a chhuahsan a nih loh chuan dan anga thu buai a laka ziak lut leh nghal turin ram dang mi khualzin pakhat chungah thupek a pe a ni.

Sorkar laipui hian Myanmar leh India ramri atanga teha km 16 huam chhung bik hi Myanmar mi te, Police Station atanga phalna la hmasaa an veivah a phalsak a, km 16 huam chhung bak an pelh dawn erawh chuan sorkar laipui phalna an lak vek a ngai a ni. Hetiang chungthu ah hian Superintendent of Police, CID, Govt. of Mizoram chu ‘Foreigners’ Registration Officer’ atana ruat a ni nghe nghe.